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What are "adjuncts" in brewing?

  1. Ingredients that are always malted

  2. Ingredients primarily used for carbonation

  3. Ingredients added aside from the four main ingredients

  4. Ingredients used only for color adjustment

The correct answer is: Ingredients added aside from the four main ingredients

Adjuncts in brewing refer to ingredients that are added aside from the four main ingredients: malted barley, hops, yeast, and water. These adjuncts can include a variety of substances such as corn, rice, sugar, and various flavorings, which can enhance or modify the overall characteristics of the beer. The use of adjuncts can help achieve specific flavors, aromas, and textures, and they can also affect the cost and efficiency of the brewing process. While some adjuncts can be used for carbonation, as mentioned in one of the choices, that is not their primary purpose. Additionally, adjuncts do not have to be malted; many adjuncts are not malted at all. Therefore, the definition that focuses on adjuncts as ingredients added aside from the main four ingredients captures the essence of what adjuncts are in the brewing process.