Cicerone Certified Beer Server Practice Test

What is the main difference between ale and lager?

1. Ale is darker and lager is lighter

2. Ale is fermented with bottom-fermenting yeast

3. Ale is fermented at warmer temperatures

4. Lager contains more hops than ale

The correct answer is: Ale is fermented at warmer temperatures

The primary distinction between ale and lager lies in the fermentation process and the type of yeast used. Ales are brewed with top-fermenting yeast, specifically Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which operates best at warmer temperatures, typically between 60°F and 75°F (15°C to 24°C). This warmer fermentation results in a faster fermentation time and can produce more fruity and complex flavors due to the yeast's activity during fermentation. In contrast, lagers utilize bottom-fermenting yeast, specifically Saccharomyces pastorianus, which ferments at cooler temperatures, generally between 45°F and 55°F (7°C to 13°C). This cooler brewing process tends to yield a cleaner, crisper taste with fewer fruity esters. Thus, the correct answer emphasizes the warmer fermentation temperatures used for ales, marking a fundamental difference in how these two main categories of beer are produced.