What is the purpose of a "bittering hop" in brewing?

The purpose of a "bittering hop" in brewing is to add bitterness that balances the sweetness of the malt. When brewing beer, malt contributes sugars, which create sweetness, and if not properly balanced, this sweetness can dominate the flavor profile. Bittering hops, typically added early in the brewing process, contain higher levels of alpha acids that contribute to the beer's bitterness when boiled. This bitterness is crucial in creating a well-rounded flavor, as it counteracts the sweetness from the malt, contributing to a more complex and enjoyable drinking experience. The balance between sweetness and bitterness is fundamental in many beer styles, influencing the overall taste and perception of the finished product.